Yadda ake haɗa glaze

Kafin ku fara

Haɗa glaze yana nufin auna kayan aiki na gari (ma'adinai da aka niƙa, yumɓu da frit, wato gilashin da aka yi a masana'anta aka niƙa shi ya zama gari) bisa ga tsarin glaze, da haɗa su da ruwa su zama slurry, wato ruwa mai kauri na gari da ke cikin ruwa. Sannan ku tace shi, ku gyara kaurinsa, ku gwada shi a kan yumɓunku kafin ku amince da shi a kan tukunya. Kowace lamba a wannan jagora mafari ce kawai: ruwa, kauri da rariya da suka dace da glaze ɗinku su ne waɗanda gwaje-gwajenku suka nuna, don haka ku rubuta abin da kuka yi da abin da kuka samu.

Abin da kuke buƙata

• Sikeli da ke karanta har 0.01 g don gwaje-gwaje da masu launi, da wani babba don batch (haɗi) na kilogram.
• Kwanoni masu murfi: marasa zurfi don busassun kaya, bokiti don glaze. Derek Au yana ajiye glaze na gwaji a kwanonin miya masu murfi.
• Cokalin ɗeba mai tsabta ga kowane kaya, don kada gari ɗaya ya shiga cikin wani.
• Abin juyawa: injin huda (drill) mai filafilin juyawa, ko don ƙananan gwaje-gwaje blender da aka keɓe don glaze kawai. Abin kaɗa ƙwai (whisk) zai yi idan ba ku da wani abu.
• Rariya, wadda ake sayarwa a Burtaniya da sunan sieve da lawn: mesh 80, da kuma mesh 100 ko 120 don glaze masu launi.
• Kofin awo mai alamomi (graduated cylinder) na 100 mL ko sirinji, don auna SG.
• Takardun suna (label), alƙalamin da ruwa ba ya gogewa da littafin rubutu, ko bayanai da bayanan gasa na Glazecalc.
• Test tile (tayil ɗin gwaji) da aka yi da yumɓun da za ku shafa wa glaze.
• Respirator (abin rufe fuska mai tace iska), safar hannu ta roba, soso da mop.

Sayen kaya

Inda za a saya

Maginiya da magina suna saya daga dillalan kayan tukwane, waɗanda ke sayar da yumɓu, kayan glaze da kayan aiki. Teburin yana nuna wasu na ƙasarku, kowanne an duba shi a shafin shagon da kansa, kuma kuna iya zaɓar wata ƙasa ko yanki don ganin shagunansa. Kaya na canzawa, don haka ku duba kafin ku yi oda. Manyan masu samarwa kamar Sibelco da Imerys suna sayar wa masana'antu; magina suna sayen kayansu ta shaguna irin waɗannan. Shafin bayanai kan tukwane Digitalfire yana da jerin shagunan dillalai na wasu wurare.

Nawa za a saya

Buhun da aka saba shi ne 50 lb (22.7 kg) a Amurka da 25 kg (55 lb) a wasu wurare, don haka kusan iri ɗaya ne. Dillalai da yawa kuma suna sayar da fakitin 1, 2.5 ko 5 kg (kusan 2.2, 5.5 ko 11 lb) don gwaje-gwaje. Glazy, rumbun bayanan tsarin glaze na buɗe, ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan da kuke amfani da su kullum (feldspar, silica, kaolin, whiting, da frit don gasa ta tsakiya) cikakken buhu, wanda sau da yawa ya fi araha da 20 zuwa 30%. Ku sayi masu launi, wato oxide na ƙarfe da stain da ke ba glaze launi, kaɗan-kaɗan: yawancinsu ana amfani da su ƙasa da 5%. Jerin sayayyar misali na Glazy ya kai kusan $515 don gasa ta tsakiya da $397 don gasa mai zafi sosai, a farashin Amurka.

Kayan farawa

Babban jerin Glazy na kowane zafi shi ne silica, kaolin, feldspar, whiting, zinc oxide, da dolomite ko talc. Yawancin glaze na gasa ta tsakiya (cone (mazugi) 5 zuwa 6) kuma suna buƙatar boron, yawanci daga frit, wanda Glazy ya kira "mai daidaito kuma mai ƙarancin narkewa a ruwa fiye da danyen borate". Kayan da ke ƙasa shawararmu ne, daga jerin Glazy da wani jeri na dandalin tattaunawa. Tushen glaze yana bayanin aikin kowane kaya.

Takardun bayanai da takardun bayanan aminci

Ku nemi takardu biyu ga kowane kaya. Takardar bayanan fasaha (TDS) tana ba da binciken sinadarai nasa: rabon kowane oxide a cikin garin, bisa nauyi. Glazecalc yana aiki da waɗannan, kuma kuna iya ƙara kaya daga binciken dillali a shafin Kaya. Takardar bayanan aminci (SDS) tana faɗin yadda za a sarrafa danyen garin. Ku ajiye kowace SDS, ku karanta ta kafin ku haɗa.

Bincike matsakaici ne, ba alƙawari ba. Valentine Clays tana buga "MEAN VALUES. THESE DO NOT REPRESENT A SPECIFICATION" (matsakaicin ƙima ne, ba ƙayyadaddun bayani ba) a takardar bayanan flint ɗinta, kuma binciken Glazy na Custer feldspar na shekaru daban-daban ya kama daga kusan 68.5% zuwa 72.4% silica. Muna ba da shawarar ku rubuta lot number na kowane buhu (lambar batch ɗinsa) a cikin bayananku, don ku gane ko canji a glaze da kuka amince da shi ya fito daga kayan.

HSE ya yi gargaɗin cewa crystalline silica "can be wrongly labelled as 'amorphous silica'" (ana iya yi mata kuskuren rubuta "amorphous silica"). Kuma SDS game da garin ne, ba tukunyar ba: ba ta faɗin komai game da ko glaze da aka gasa yana da lafiya ga abinci. Sai gwajin zubar ƙarfe (leach test) na tukunyar da aka gasa a ɗakin gwaje-gwaje ne kawai zai iya nuna haka.

Sunaye na canzawa, don haka ku saya bisa sinadarai

Sunayen kamfani suna zuwa suna tafiya yayin da ma'adanai ke rufewa. Custer feldspar, da aka haƙa a South Dakota fiye da shekaru 75, ya ƙare a ƙarshen 2023. Lokacin da Clay Art Center ta koma G-200 AU da Mahavir, kusan rabin glaze ɗinta sun buƙaci gyara. G-200 da G-200 HP ma sun ƙare, kuma Laguna yanzu tana shigo da Mahavir, wanda sinadaransa suna kusa da na G-200.

Gerstley Borate, ma'adinin boron na halitta da ke cikin tsofaffin tsarin glaze da yawa, ya yi ƙaranci tun da ma'adanarsa ta rufe a 2000, ko da yake New Mexico Clay ta ruwaito a Nuwamba 2025 cewa Laguna tana samar da "Gerstley Borate Original". Majiyoyi ba su yarda ba game da Gillespie Borate a matsayin madadi. Mai yin sa yana sayar da shi a matsayin fam-da-fam. Berkeley Potters Studio ta ce "is not a direct substitute" (ba madadi kai tsaye ba ne), kuma Digitalfire ta ga ya canza launin wani glaze. Hanya mafi aminci ita ce kwatanta su biyun bisa oxide ɗinsu, sannan a gwada.

Sunaye na yanki ma sun bambanta. A Arewacin Amurka, flint, quartz da silica duk ma'ana ɗaya suke, wato niƙaƙƙiyar silica, kuma Digitalfire ta ce wataƙila ba za ku sami ainihin garin flint daga dillalai ba. A Burtaniya, flint kaya ne na daban: na Valentine silica ce da aka gasa (calcined). Dukansu kusan silica ce tsantsa, don haka muna tsammanin suna kusa, amma ku duba binciken. Don kaolin, Glazy ya ce musanya ɗaya-da-ɗaya, kamar EPK maimakon china clay, "often work just fine, especially when amounts are <10%" (sau da yawa suna aiki daidai, musamman idan yawan bai kai 10% ba).

Tsarin glaze da yawa suna ambaton kayan da ake sayarwa a wata ƙasa ba a wata ba. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana ɗaukar kowane kaya a laburaren Glazecalc da ba a sayarwa inda kuke saye, ya nemo mafi kusa irinsa da ake sayarwa, bisa binciken su. Lambar ita ce nisan da ke tsakaninsu: giram ɗin da oxide ɗinsu na bayan gasa suka bambanta, a cikin kowane 100 g na kaya, an tara su a kan kowane oxide. A cikin kusan 15 g, ɗaya yawanci zai iya maye gurbin ɗayan a gwajin farko. Sunayen suna ɗauke da lambobin masu yi da na shaguna, don ku iya nema da suna.

Glazecalc yana kwatanta kaya bisa abin da suke kawo wa glaze da aka gasa, ba bisa suna ba. Tsarin glaze mai kayan da ba a yin sa yanzu yana faɗin abin da ake amfani da shi yanzu. Ba da shawarar adadi kuma ku kwatanta yana sake lissafin yawa don madadi, kuma Daidaita da abin da nake da shi yana sake yin tsarin glaze daga kayan da ke kan shiryayyenku. Dukansu suna daidaita oxide na bayan gasa ne kawai, don haka ku fara gwada ɗan batch kaɗan.

Ajiye kaya da glaze

Busassun kaya

Ku ajiye gari a bushe, a kwanoni masu murfi da ke zama a rufe idan ba kuna ɗeba ba; Glazy ya ba da shawarar masu rufewa sosai, ba iska. Ku zaɓi kwanoni marasa zurfi maimakon gwangwani masu zurfi: HSE ya lura cewa gwangwani mai zurfi yana sa ku sunkuya ciki, kuma ƙura tana da nisa mafi tsawo da za ta faɗo. Ku ajiye su a kan shiryayye, don ku iya mop ƙasansa. Soda ash da Cornish stone suna shan danshi daga iska. Wani magini a dandalin tattaunawa yana busar da su a kan tiren gasa a kusan 50 °C (122 °F), kuma ya yi gargaɗin cewa siraran bokitin fenti na iya tsagewa a garejin da ke daskarewa. Muna ba da shawarar ajiye kayan da ke narkewa a ruwa (soda ash, borax, lithium carbonate, da danyen borate kamar Gerstley Borate) a rufe ba iska, a cikin gida.

Glaze da aka haɗa

Glaze a cikin bokiti yana ci gaba da canzawa. Kayan da ke ɗan narkewa a ruwa (nepheline syenite, lithium carbonate, Gerstley Borate, colemanite, strontium carbonate, da frit gaba ɗaya) suna canza yadda yake gudana da lokaci kuma suna iya fitar da ƙananan ƙwayoyi (crystals), fiye da haka a ɗaki mai zafi. Gerstley Borate yana sa slurry ya yi gel, "even in smaller percentages" (ko da a ƙananan kaso). Ruwa mai ruwan ƙasa a kan glaze da ya kwanta ƙarfe ne da ya narke: ku zubar da shi ku sa ruwa mai tsabta a madadinsa. Ku kuma yi tsammanin:

• Taurin ƙasa (hard-panning): glaze da aka haɗa da kauri har ba ya buƙatar ƙari sau da yawa yana kwanciya ya zama tauraren layi. Rage kaurinsa da sa shi yin gel yana taimakawa (duba SG).
• Wari, daga ƙananan halittu da ke cin gum kamar CMC. Ana iya amfani da glaze mai wari idan yana shafuwa da kyau.
• Daskarewa: ku kare bokiti daga gare ta. Ku narkar da wanda ya daskare a zafin ɗaki, ku duba ko ya tsage.

Kada ku mayar da glaze da aka yi amfani da shi cikin babban bokiti, ko ku tsoma burushi a ciki. Kafin amfani da glaze da aka ajiye, ku juya shi, ku sake auna SG ɗinsa, ku tace shi idan yana da gudaji ko ƙwayoyi (crystals).

Takardun suna

Ku rubuta suna a kan kowane bokiti da alƙalamin da ruwa ba ya gogewa. Zakin, a rubutunsa don Ceramic Arts Network, ya lissafa sunan glaze, cikakken tsarinsa har da masu launi, cone, kwanan wata kuma, a ɗakin aiki na tare, baƙaƙen sunanku. Muna ba da shawarar ƙara SG da ake nema da duk wani Epsom salts ko CMC. UT Austin kuma tana amfani da launuka: bokitin lemu don gasa ta ƙasa, fari don gasa ta tsakiya. Ku ɗauki glaze marar suna a matsayin wanda ka iya ƙunsar darma (lead, Pb), kuma kada ku yi amfani da shi a kan tukwanen abinci.

Aunawa

Kaso da batch

Tsarin glaze yana ba da kowane kaya a matsayin kaso na busasshen nauyi. Manyan kayan yawanci suna kaiwa 100, sau da yawa ana ƙara masu launi a sama. Don yin batch (haɗi), wato yawan da kuke haɗawa a lokaci ɗaya, ku ninka kowace lamba da girman batch raba 100. Don 5000 g, UT Austin tana ninkawa da 50, don haka kaya mai 4% ya zama 200 g.

A shafin tsarin glaze, Daidaita zuwa batch yana yin ninkawar: ku sa 500 g, misali, kuma kowane yawa ya zama giram da za a auna, ko fam da oza idan kun zaɓe su a Saituna. Buga zai iya ba da jerin batch kawai, mai jimla mai gudana don aunawa cikin bokiti ɗaya da akwati don yin alama kusa da kowane kaya.

Ku zaɓi sikeli don mafi ƙanƙantar yawanku

Resolution na sikeli, wato mafi ƙanƙantar mataki da yake nunawa, yana iyakance yadda ƙanƙantar yawa za ku iya auna da kyau. A gwajin 100 g, mai launi a 0.5% shi ne 0.5 g. Sikelin da ke karanta har 0.1 g na iya kuskure da 0.05 g, kusan 10% nasa; don 0.15 g, kuskuren kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku ne. Wannan lissafinmu ne, amma yana nuna dalilin da ya sa masu launi ke buƙatar sikeli mafi kyau.

Shawarwari sun bambanta kan yadda kyawun sikelin da kuke buƙata. Derek Au ya ga wani arha sikelin dijital na 200 g ba ya daidai a kai a kai. Yana ba da shawarar sikeli na 200 g da ke karanta har 0.01 g idan ɗaya kawai za ku saya, kuma yana ganin ma'aunin triple-beam mai kyau "much more trustworthy than a cheap digital scale" (ya fi amintuwa sosai fiye da arha sikelin dijital). Zaɓi mafi aminci, a ganinmu, shi ne 0.01 g don gwaje-gwaje (50 zuwa 200 g) da masu launi, da sikelin tebur mai karanta 0.1 g ko 1 g don batch na 1 kg (kusan 2 lb) zuwa sama. Ku duba duka biyun lokaci-lokaci da nauyin gwaji (calibration weight).

Ku auna bi da bi, ku yi alama a kan kowanne

1. Ku tabbata kuna da isasshen kowane kaya.
2. Ku sa respirator ɗinku. Ku tabbata sikelin yana da tsabta kuma a miƙe yake.
3. Ku sa kwanon da babu komai a kan sikelin ku danna tare, wanda ke mayar da karatun sifili don ku auna abin da kuka ƙara kawai.
4. Ku auna kowane kaya bi da bi da cokalinsa mai tsabta, ku rufe kowane kwano kafin ku buɗe na gaba, ku yi alama a kan kowane kaya da zarar ya shiga.

Derek Au yana aunawa cikin kwano ɗaya a tuddai daban-daban, don a iya ɗebe kuskure. Idan kuna aunawa cikin bokiti ɗaya ba tare da tare tsakanin kaya ba, jimla mai gudana ta Glazecalc tana faɗa muku abin da sikelin ya kamata ya karanta bayan kowanne.

Haɗawa da tacewa

Ruwa nawa

Majiyoyi ba su yarda ba. Derek Au yana farawa da kauri, a 50 mL na ruwa ga kowane 100 g na gari, kuma yana ƙara wasu daga baya. Potterycrafts tana ba da 65 mL ga kowane 100 g don wani glaze na gari. UT Austin tana amfani da nauyin ruwa da na gari daidai, kuma lokacin da Digitalfire ta sa 20 kg na gari cikin 20 kg na ruwa, ta auna SG na 1.46.

Ruwa yana da sauƙin ƙarawa amma yana da wuyar cirewa, don haka ku fara kaɗan. Kiyasinmu: ku fara da kusan 70 zuwa 80 mL ga kowane 100 g (700 zuwa 800 mL ga kowane kilogram, ko kusan 11 zuwa 12 US fl oz ga kowane fam). Ku jiƙa, ku haɗa ku tace a wannan kaurin, sannan ku ƙara ruwa kaɗan-kaɗan har SG ya yi daidai. 1 mL na ruwa yana da nauyin 1 g, don haka kuna iya auna shi. Idan kun wuce, ku bar glaze ya kwanta, sannan ku ɗauke ruwan da ke sama da soso ko ku zubar da shi.

Kayan aiki da ruwa

• Injin juyawa mai fanka. Digitalfire ta kira mai kyau "essential" (dole ne). Injin huda mai waya da filafilin juyawa yana yin aikin a cikin bokiti. UT Austin tana juya shi aƙalla minti 4 zuwa 5 bayan glaze ya yi kama da an haɗa shi, kuma tana nisantar da ruwan wuƙar daga bokitin, wanda zai iya kankare roba daga gare shi.
• Blender. Yana "works extremely well for small batches" (yana aiki sosai don ƙananan batch) (Digitalfire). Ku keɓe shi don glaze kawai: kada ya taɓa komawa kicin.
• Abin kaɗa ƙwai ko sanda. Zaɓin Zakin idan babu injin juyawa.

Ruwa ma ya bambanta, kuma Digitalfire ta lura cewa yana canza halayen slurry. Derek Au yana amfani da ruwan reverse osmosis saboda ruwan famfonsa mai nauyi ne (hard water). Duk abin da kuke amfani da shi, ku rubuta.

Mataki-mataki

1. Ku sa respirator ɗinku, da safar hannu ta roba idan hannayenku za su shiga. Zakin yana sa abin rufe fuska tun daga farkon aunawa har glaze ya jiƙe.
2. Ku auna kusan 70 zuwa 80 mL na ruwa ga kowane 100 g na gari cikin bokiti.
3. Ku ƙara garin da aka auna a hankali, daga ƙasa-ƙasa. UT Austin tana ƙara gari cikin ruwan ɗumi; Zakin da Au suna ƙara ruwa cikin gari. Muna ba da shawarar gari cikin ruwa, wanda ke tayar da ƙarancin ƙura, sai dai tsarin glaze mai bentonite mai yawa: ku fara juya busassun garinsa tare.
4. Ku jiƙa shi (slake): ku bar garin ya jiƙe ba tare da juyawa ba. Digitalfire tana jira kusan minti 20. Gari mai gum ko abin ɗaurewa yana buƙatar ya kwana.
5. Ku haɗa har babu busassun wurare ko gudaji.
6. Ku tace shi sau biyu (duba ƙasa).
7. Ku rufe shi ku bar shi ya kwana, sannan ku sake haɗawa ku duba ƙasan ko akwai tauraren layi.
8. Ku auna SG, ku ƙara ruwa kaɗan-kaɗan har ku kai abin da kuke nema.
9. Ku rubuta suna a kan bokitin, ku rubuta abin da kuka yi.
10. Ku yi tsabta da ruwa: ku mop ƙasa ku goge kowane wuri, har da wajen kwanonin kaya.

Tacewa

Rariya raga ce a cikin firam. Tura glaze ta cikinta da burushi yana fasa gudajin da haɗawa ke barin su, kuma yana kama ƙwayoyin da za su fito a matsayin ɗigo bayan gasa. Mafi girman lambar mesh, mafi laushin ragar: mesh 80 tana da ramuka na kusan 0.18 mm, mesh 100 kuma kusan 0.15 mm.

Majiyoyi suna ba da shawarar mesh daban-daban. Zakin yana tacewa sau biyu ta mesh 50 ko 80. Derek Au yana amfani da mesh 120 don yawancin glaze, musamman masu cobalt ko ƙarfe: tacewa sau uku ta mesh 80 ta bar ɗigon ƙarfe a wani celadon, kuma tacewa sau ɗaya ta mesh 120 ta warware shi. Yana keɓe mesh 60 zuwa 80 don glaze na toka da wasu masu kaya marasa laushi. Potterycrafts, a Burtaniya, tana ba da shawarar mesh 60 zuwa 80. Zaɓi mai aminci:

SG (specific gravity)

SG (specific gravity) yana faɗa muku yawan garin da ke cikin slurry ɗinku. Shi ne nauyin wani adadin glaze raba nauyin adadin ruwa iri ɗaya. Ruwa 1.00 ne, kuma glaze a SG 1.45 yana da nauyin 145 g a kowane 100 mL. Haɗawa zuwa SG da aka auna ita ce hanyar samun kauri iri ɗaya, da shafi iri ɗaya, kowane lokaci. Ba shi da raka'a, don haka iri ɗaya ne a giram ko oza.

Ku auna shi ta hanyar auna nauyin 100 mL

1. Ku juya glaze don kada wani abu ya kwanta.
2. Ku sa kofin awo mai alamomi na 100 mL (graduated cylinder, dogon bututun awo mai alamomi) ko sirinji na 100 mL a kan sikeli, ku yi tare.
3. Ku cika shi da glaze daidai 100 mL, kuna karanta alamar a daidai idonku.
4. Ku auna shi ku raba giram ɗin da 100: 145 g shi ne SG 1.45.

Digitalfire kuma tana yin alama a kofi a matakin 500 g na ruwa, ta cika shi zuwa alamar da glaze, ta raba nauyin da 500; ma'auni mafi girma kuma mafi cika ya fi daidai. Hydrometer, abin da ke yawo a cikin glaze ana karanta inda ya tsaya, yana da sauri amma zai iya kuskure da glaze masu kauri ko masu gel. Hydrometer na Burtaniya, kamar na Potclays, suna karantawa a digiri Baumé (°Bé). Bisa lissafinmu, SG = 145 ÷ (145 − °Bé), don haka 46 °Bé kusan 1.46 ne. Tsofaffin littattafan Burtaniya suna ba da pint weight, wato oza a cikin pint na imperial na glaze: ku raba shi da 20, don haka 29 oz kusan SG 1.45 ne (shi ma lissafinmu ne).

Abin da za a nema

Majiyoyi ba su yarda ba, musamman kan shafawa da burushi da fesawa, inda dillalin Burtaniya Potclays ke ba da lambobi masu girma sosai (nasa "for guidance only" ne, wato don jagora kawai). Ku ɗauki kowace lamba a matsayin mafari. Babbar shawarar Digitalfire ita ce ku nemo SG da gel da suka dace da kowane glaze, sannan ku maimaita su ku rubuta su.

Don duba glaze na tsomawa da ido, AMACO tana tsomawa na daƙiƙa 5 tana neman shafi mai kauri kamar tsabar dime ta Amurka. Digitalfire tana gasa tayil da aka tsoma na daƙiƙa 5 don dubawa.

Ruwa don SG da ake nema: kiyasinmu

Teburin da ke ƙasa lissafinmu ne, ba na wata majiya ba. Yana ɗauka cewa ƙwayoyin garin suna da yawa (density) na 2.6 g a kowane cm³, wanda zato ne, ba awo ba. Yumɓu, kayan da ke narkewa a ruwa da gel duk suna canza ainihin glaze, don haka ku yi amfani da shi don farawa, sannan ku auna. A matsayin dubawa, yana hasashen SG 1.44 don nauyin gari da ruwa daidai, kusa da SG 1.46 da Digitalfire ta auna. Yana kuma nuna cewa 70 zuwa 80 mL ga kowane 100 g yana fara ku sama da SG 1.50, ya fi kaurin da kuke buƙata.

Epsom salts, gum na CMC da bentonite

Epsom salts suna sa glaze ya ɗan yi gel idan ya tsaya cak kuma ya sake gudana idan aka juya shi. Ana kiran wannan flocculating, kuma glaze da ke yin haka thixotropic ne: yana shafuwa daidai fiye da da, kuma ɗigowarsa da kwanciyarsa suna raguwa. Digitalfire tana ba da shawarar farawa da kusan 2 g a kowane galan da zarar SG ya yi daidai (kusan 0.5 g a kowace lita, juyawarmu) da daidaita yawan kowane lokacin da kuka haɗa, tunda babu tsarin glaze da ya kamata ya ƙayyade yawan. Muna ba da shawarar narkar da shi a cikin ɗan ruwan zafi tukuna. A wani misali na Digitalfire, glaze a SG 1.45 yana ɗiga, sai ruwa ya sauko da shi zuwa SG 1.43 kuma Epsom salts suka mayar da shi gel mai laushi kamar kirim, kuma ya shafu daidai. Dubawa a taƙaice: ku juya, ku tsaya ku kalla. Glaze mai gel yana ci gaba da motsi na kusan daƙiƙa 2 ko 3, sannan ya tsaya ya ɗan koma baya.

Gum na CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) yana sa slurry ya fi ɗanko kuma ya fi jinkirin bushewa, kuma yana barin shafi mai tauri da ke manne wa tukunya. Ya fi muhimmanci ga glaze na shafawa da burushi da glaze masu frit mai yawa. Misalin Digitalfire yana haɗa 3.75 g cikin 1000 g na slurry, kuma dole ne a sa shi da blender. Glaze mai CMC ba zai yi gel da Epsom salts ba, kuma tunda ƙananan halittu suna cin gum ɗin, zai iya canzawa a cikin bokiti ya fara wari.

Bentonite, yumɓu mai laushi sosai, yana taimakawa riƙe sauran ƙwayoyin a cikin ruwa. Glaze na tsomawa yawanci suna dogara da 15 zuwa 25% danyen yumɓu don wannan. Don tsarin glaze mai ƙarancin yumɓu, kusan 1 zuwa 3% bentonite yana taimakawa; Digitalfire ta ce glaze mai yumɓu fiye da 15% bai kamata ya buƙaci bentonite fiye da 1% na nauyin busasshen glaze ba.

Test tile da line blend

Ku fara ƙanƙane

Derek Au yana haurawa a matakai uku: gwajin 50 ko 100 g, gwajin 1 zuwa 2 kg idan ya yi aiki, sannan batch na ɗakin aiki na 5 zuwa 10 kg. Bisa kiyasinmu, gwajin 100 g a SG 1.45 yana ba da kusan 135 mL (kusan 4½ US fl oz) na slurry, wanda ya isa tsoma ƙananan tayil kaɗan a cikin ƙunƙuntaccen kofi.

Ku gwada a kan yumɓunku

Glaze zai iya yin kama da wani abu daban sosai a kan wani yumɓu ko a cikin wani kiln (murhun gasa tukwane): Clay Art Center ta gwada kowane glaze ɗinta da aka sake tsarawa a kan nau'o'in yumɓu huɗu, a cone 6 da cone 10. Jagorar Potclays ga masu farawa kan gwajin glaze tana ba da shawarar:

• test tile 6 zuwa 10 (ƙananan guda don gwada glaze) na yumɓun da za ku yi amfani da shi a zahiri, kuna lura ko an yi musu bisque (gasa ta farko) ko sun bushe ƙwarai
• canji ɗaya a lokaci guda
• tsomawa sau ɗaya da tsomawa sau biyu, don ganin glaze siriri da mai kauri
• kowane tayil a cikin lodin kiln ɗaya
• alama a kan kowane tayil kafin gasa, da tambari, sassaƙa ko fensirin underglaze.

Muna ba da shawarar tayil da ke tsaye a miƙe, tunda tayil a kwance yana ɓoye yadda glaze ke gudu, mai layi mai kaushi don nuna yadda glaze ke rabuwa a kan gefuna, da ƙafa marar glaze. Ku ɗora kowanne a kan ɗan faranti ko guntun bisque, ko a kan shiryayyen kiln da aka shafa wa kiln wash, don ya kama ɗigo. Ku sa cone mai shaida (witness cone), ƙaramin cone na yumɓu da ke lanƙwasa idan ya sami isasshen zafi, kusa da tayil ɗin don nuna abin da suka samu; Gasa a cikin kiln mai sauƙi yana bayanin cone. Ku ba kowane tayil gajeriyar lamba, ku rubuta ta kusa da tsarin glaze a cikin bayananku. Willers, a rubutunta don Ceramic Arts Network, tana amfani da lambobi da haruffa, kuma tana rubuta tsarin kansa a farkon littafin rubutu.

Line blend

Line blend jeri ne na gwaje-gwaje da ke tafiya daidai-daidai daga wani haɗi zuwa wani: daga wani glaze zuwa na biyu, ko daga glaze na tushe zuwa glaze ɗin da mai launi fiye. Derek Au, misali, yana ƙara iron oxide a cikin glaze na tushe marar launi da 1% a kowane mataki. Wata hanya ta awon adadi (volume) da ake danganta ta da Ian Currie tana adana lokaci, saboda kuna haɗa ƙarshen biyu kawai:

1. Ku haɗa glaze biyu na ƙarshe, A da B, a matsayin batch masu girma iri ɗaya, ku tace dukansu.
2. Ku ƙara ruwa a wanda adadinsa ya fi ƙanƙanta har dukansu su kasance da adadin ruwa-ruwa daidai ɗaya.
3. Ku juya dukansu, sannan ku zuƙi kowane haɗi da sirinji cikin kofinsa mai lamba.
4. Ku juya kowane kofi ku tsoma tayil.

A misalinmu, A shi ne 100 g na glaze na tushe marar launi, kuma B iri ɗaya ne da 4 g na red iron oxide da aka ƙara (ƙarin 4%). Kowane mililita na B yana ɗauke da rabon tushe daidai da mililita na A, tare da ƙarfensa, don haka kofunan suna tafiya daga babu ƙarfe zuwa 4% a matakan 1%. Kowane ƙarshe yana ba da 100 mL ga blend ɗin, wanda batch na 100 g ya isa bisa kiyasinmu.

Hanyar tana buƙatar lissafi a hankali, ƙarshe da aka haɗa sosai masu SG daidai, da sikeli mai daidaito. Derek Au kuma yana blend bisa nauyi maimakon adadi. Triaxial blend yana yin haka da ƙarshe uku, an shimfiɗa su a kan alwatika.

Idan wani mataki ya yi kama da mai alheri, Ajiye a matsayin kwafi a shafin tsarin glaze yana ajiye shi a matsayin tsarin glaze nasa kuma yana barin na asali yadda yake.

Ajiye bayanai

Willers ta faɗi manufar da kyau: "enough information to be able to repeat, or avoid, the results you discovered" (isassun bayanai don iya maimaitawa, ko gujewa, sakamakon da kuka gano). Ku rubuta abin da kuke shirin gwadawa kafin ku fara, da sakamakon lokacin da kuka sauke kiln. Potclays ta ƙara hanyar shafawa, kauri, yumɓu da cikakken gasa, har da ramp, hold da hucewa. Ramp shi ne saurin ɗumamawa ko hucewa, kamar 60 °C (108 °F) a kowace awa, kuma hold yana riƙe kiln a zafi ɗaya na wani lokaci. Ku rubuta lot number, ruwan da kuka yi amfani da shi da duk wani musanya: musanyar feldspar ta Clay Art Center ta sa an gyara kusan rabin glaze ɗinta.

A Glazecalc, tsarin glaze da aka ajiye yana riƙe tsarin glaze ɗin kansa. Bayanan gasa yana rubuta kowace gasa: kiln, kwanan wata, lokuta, zafi, cone da bayanai. Bayanai suna riƙe duk sauran, kamar bayanan batch na sama da abin da kowane tayil ya nuna.

Majiyoyi

• Glazy: Raw materials
• Glazy: Specific gravity
• Digitalfire: Specific gravity
• Digitalfire: Epsom salts
• Digitalfire: CMC gum
• Digitalfire: Dipping glaze
• Digitalfire: Bentonite
• Digitalfire: Water solubility
• Digitalfire: Gerstley Borate
• Digitalfire: Mahavir potash feldspar
• Digitalfire: Flint
• Clay Art Center: The end of an era, the extinction of Custer feldspar
• Berkeley Potters Studio: What the flux, November 2023
• New Mexico Clay: Gerstley Borate Original
• Ceramic Arts Network: Glaze chemistry 101, a quick course on mixing ceramic glazes (Zakin)
• Ceramic Arts Network: How to keep good records when testing ceramic glazes (Willers)
• Ceramic Arts Network: 8 ways to apply glaze (Hopper)
• Derek Au: Mixing test glazes
• Derek Au: Digital scales for weighing glazes
• Derek Au: Triaxial testing
• UT Austin ceramics wiki: How to mix glazes
• Potclays: The beginner's guide to glaze testing
• Potclays: Glaze hydrometer
• Potterycrafts: Nordic Blue Mist powder glaze
• HSE: Glaze and colour preparation (CR1)
• Valentine Clays: Flint technical data sheet
• Ceramic Arts Daily forum: Ian Currie test tiles