Indlela yokwenza i-glaze

Ngaphambi kokuqala

Ukwenza i-glaze kusho ukukala okokwakha okuyimpuphu (amaminerali agayiwe, ubumba nama-frit, okuyingilazi eyenziwe efektri yagaywa yaba yimpuphu) kusuka kuresiphi, nokukuxuba namanzi kube yi-slurry, uketshezi olujiyile lwempuphu ephethwe ngamanzi. Bese uyihlunga, ulungise ukujiya kwayo, futhi uyihlole ebumbeni lwakho ngaphambi kokuyethemba embizeni. Zonke izinombolo kulo mhlahlandlela ziyisiqalo: amanzi, ukujiya nesihlungo esifanele i-glaze yakho yilokho okuboniswa ukuhlola kwakho, ngakho bhala phansi okwenzayo nokukutholayo.

Okudingayo

• Isikali esifunda kuze kufike ku-0.01 g sokuhlola nokokufaka umbala, nesikhulu sama-batch angamakhilogremu.
• Iziqukathi ezinezivalo: eziphansi zokokwakha okomile, namabhakede e-glaze. UDerek Au ugcina ama-glaze okuhlola eziqukathini zesobho ezinezivalo.
• Isikopi esihlanzekile sento ngayinye yokwakha, ukuze impuphu eyodwa ingangeni kwenye.
• Ithuluzi lokuxuba: i-drill ene-paddle yokuxuba, noma ukuhlola okuncane i-blender egcinelwe i-glaze kuphela. I-whisk izokwenza uma ungenalutho olunye.
• Izihlungo, ezithengiswa e-UK njengama-sieve nama-lawn: i-mesh 80, kanye ne-mesh 100 noma 120 yama-glaze anokokufaka umbala.
• I-graduated cylinder noma isirinji ka-100 mL, sokukala i-specific gravity.
• Amalebula, ipeni elingangenwa amanzi nencwajana yokubhala, noma amanothi ne-amarekhodi okushisa e-Glazecalc.
• Ama-test tile enziwe ngobumba ozolufaka i-glaze.
• I-respirator, amagilavu enjoloba, isipontshi ne-mop.

Ukuthenga okokwakha

Lapho ungathenga khona

Ababumbi bathenga kubahlinzeki be-ceramic, abathengisa ubumba, okokwakha kwe-glaze namathuluzi. Ithebula likhombisa abanye bezwe lakho, ngamunye uhlolwe kusayithi lesitolo uqobo, futhi ungakhetha elinye izwe noma isifunda ukuze ubone izitolo zakhona. Isitoko siyashintsha, ngakho hlola ngaphambi kokuoda. Abakhiqizi abakhulu abafana ne-Sibelco ne-Imerys bathengisela izimboni; ababumbi bathenga okokwakha kwabo ezitolo ezinjengalezi. Isayithi lokubhekisela le-ceramics i-Digitalfire ligcina uhlu lwezitolo zabahlinzeki zezinye izindawo.

Ungathenga okungakanani

Isaka elijwayelekile lingu-50 lb (22.7 kg) e-US kanye no-25 kg (55 lb) kwezinye izindawo, ngakho womabili acishe alingane. Abahlinzeki abaningi baphinde bathengise amaphakethe angu-1, 2.5 noma 5 kg (cishe u-2.2, 5.5 noma 11 lb) okuhlola. I-Glazy, isizindalwazi samaresiphi esivulekile, yeluleka ukuthi uthenge okokwakha okusebenzisa njalo (i-feldspar, i-silica, i-kaolin, i-whiting, ne-frit ye-mid-fire) ngamasaka agcwele, avame ukushibha ngo-20 kuya ku-30%. Thenga okokufaka umbala, ama-oxide ensimbi nama-stain anika i-glaze umbala, ngamanani amancane: iningi lakho lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kuka-5%. Uhlu lwesibonelo lokuthenga lwe-Glazy lwafika cishe ku-$515 we-mid-fire no-$397 we-high-fire, ngamanani ase-US.

Isethi yokuqala

Uhlu oluyisisekelo lwe-Glazy lwanoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa yi-silica, i-kaolin, i-feldspar, i-whiting, i-zinc oxide, ne-dolomite noma i-talc. Iningi lama-glaze e-mid-fire (i-cone 5 kuya ku-6) liphinde lidinge i-boron, ngokuvamile evela ku-frit, i-Glazy ethi "iyafana njalo futhi incibilika kancane kunama-borate aluhlaza". Isethi engezansi iyisiphakamiso sethu, esithathwe ohlwini lwe-Glazy nohlwini lwenkundla yokuxoxa. Umhlahlandlela we-Izisekelo ze-glaze uchaza ukuthi into ngayinye yenzani.

Amashidi edatha namashidi edatha yokuphepha

Cela imibhalo emibili yento ngayinye yokwakha. Ishidi ledatha lobuchwepheshe (TDS) linika ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali ayo: isabelo se-oxide ngayinye empuphuni, ngesisindo. I-Glazecalc isebenza ngalokhu, futhi ungangeza okokwakha kusuka ekuhlaziyweni komhlinzeki ekhasini Lokokwakha. Ishidi ledatha yokuphepha (SDS) lisho ukuthi iphathwa kanjani impuphu eluhlaza. Gcina i-SDS ngayinye, futhi uyifunde ngaphambi kokuxuba.

Ukuhlaziywa kuyizilinganiso, hhayi izithembiso. I-Valentine Clays iphrinta ethi "MEAN VALUES. THESE DO NOT REPRESENT A SPECIFICATION" eshidini layo ledatha le-flint, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwe-Glazy kwe-Custer feldspar yeminyaka ehlukene kusukela cishe ku-68.5% kuya ku-72.4% we-silica. Siphakamisa ukuthi ubhale inombolo ye-lot yesaka ngalinye (ikhodi ye-batch yalo) emarekhodini akho, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi ushintsho ku-glaze owethembayo luvela yini kokokwakha.

I-HSE ixwayisa ngokuthi i-silica eyikristalu "ingabhalwa kabi njenge-'amorphous silica'". Futhi i-SDS imayelana nempuphu, hhayi imbiza: ayisho lutho ngokuthi i-glaze eshisiwe iphephile yini ekudleni. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kwezinsimbi eziphuma embizeni eshisiwe (leach test) kuphela okungakubonisa lokho.

Amagama ayashintsha, ngakho thenga ngamakhemikhali

Amagama ezinkampani ayeza ahambe njengoba izimayini zivalwa. I-Custer feldspar, eyayimbiwa e-South Dakota iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-75, yaphela ngasekupheleni kuka-2023. Lapho i-Clay Art Center ishintshela ku-G-200 AU naku-Mahavir, cishe ingxenye yama-glaze ayo yadinga ukulungiswa. I-G-200 ne-G-200 HP nazo azisekho, futhi i-Laguna manje ingenisa i-Mahavir, amakhemikhali ayo asondele kuwe-G-200.

I-Gerstley Borate, iminerali ye-boron yemvelo esemaresiphini amaningi amadala, ibilokhu iyivelakancane selokhu imayini yayo yavalwa ngo-2000, nakuba i-New Mexico Clay yabika ngoNovemba 2025 ukuthi i-Laguna yayihlinzeka nge-"Gerstley Borate Original". Imithombo ayivumelani nge-Gillespie Borate njengengena esikhundleni sayo. Umenzi wayo uyithengisa njengelingana iphawundi ngephawundi. I-Berkeley Potters Studio ithi "ayiyona into engena esikhundleni ngqo", futhi i-Digitalfire yathola ukuthi yashintsha umbala we-glaze. Indlela ephephile ukuziqhathanisa zombili ngama-oxide azo, bese uyahlola.

Amagama ezifunda nawo ayehluka. E-North America, i-flint, i-quartz ne-silica kusho i-silica egayiwe efanayo, futhi i-Digitalfire ithi cishe ngeke uyithole impuphu ye-flint yangempela kubahlinzeki. E-UK, i-flint iwumkhiqizo wayo: eye-Valentine iyi-silica e-calcined (eshisiwe). Zombili cishe ziyi-silica ehlanzekile, ngakho silindele ukuthi zisondelane, kodwa hlola ukuhlaziywa. Nge-kaolin, i-Glazy ithi ukushintshana okukodwa ngokukodwa, njenge-EPK esikhundleni se-china clay, "kuvame ukusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi uma amanani <10%".

Amaresiphi amaningi abala okokwakha okuthengiswa kwelinye izwe hhayi kwelinye. Ithebula elingezansi lithatha into ngayinye yokwakha esemtapweni we-Glazecalc engathengiswa lapho uthenga khona, futhi lithole eseduze kakhulu yohlobo lwayo ethengiswayo, ngokuhlaziywa kwazo. Inani likhombisa ukuthi zihlukene kangakanani: amagremu ama-oxide azo ashisiwe ahluka ngawo, ku-100 g ngamunye wokokwakha, ahlanganiswe kuwo wonke ama-oxide. Uma kungaphakathi kuka-15 g cishe, eyodwa ingavamise ukungena esikhundleni senye ekuhloleni kokuqala. Amagama aphethe amakhodi abenzi nezitolo uqobo, ukuze ukwazi ukuwacela ngegama.

I-Glazecalc iqhathanisa okokwakha ngalokho okulethayo ku-glaze eshisiwe, hhayi ngegama. Iresiphi enento yokwakha engasenziwa isho ukuthi yini esetshenziswayo manje. Phakamisa amanani futhi uqhathanise ibala kabusha amanani ento engena esikhundleni, futhi Fanisa nalokho enginakho yenza iresiphi kabusha ngokokwakha okusesheshini lakho. Kokubili kufanisa ama-oxide ashisiwe kuphela, ngakho hlola i-batch encane kuqala.

Ukugcina okokwakha nama-glaze

Okokwakha okomile

Gcina izimpuphu zomile, eziqukathini ezinezivalo ezihlala zivaliwe uma ungakopishi; i-Glazy yeluleka ezingangeni moya. Khetha iziqukathi eziphansi kunemigqomo ejulile: i-HSE iphawula ukuthi umgqomo ojulile ukwenza ukhothame ungene, futhi uthuli lunebanga elide lokuwa. Zigcine eshalofini, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlanza nge-mop ngaphansi. I-soda ash ne-Cornish stone kumunca umswakama emoyeni. Omunye umbumbi wenkundla yokuxoxa uzomisa ethreyini yokubhaka cishe ku-50 °C (122 °F), futhi uxwayisa ngokuthi amabhakede apende amancane angaqhekeka egaraji elibanda kuze kuqandeke. Siphakamisa ukuthi ugcine okokwakha okuncibilikayo (i-soda ash, i-borax, i-lithium carbonate, nama-borate aluhlaza afana ne-Gerstley Borate) kungangeni moya futhi kungaphakathi endlini.

Ama-glaze axutshiwe

I-glaze esebhakedeni ihlala ishintsha. Okokwakha okuncibilika kancane (i-nepheline syenite, i-lithium carbonate, i-Gerstley Borate, i-colemanite, i-strontium carbonate, nama-frit ngokujwayelekile) kushintsha ukugeleza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungamilisa amakristalu amancane, ikakhulukazi egumbini elishisayo. I-Gerstley Borate ijiyisa i-slurry ibe yi-gel, "ngisho nasemaphesentini amancane". Amanzi ansundu phezu kwe-glaze ezinzile ayinsimbi encibilikile: wathele, bese uwafaka esikhundleni ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Lindela futhi:

• Ukuqina phansi: i-glaze exutshwe yajiya ngokwanele ukuze ingadingi okokwengeza ivamise ukuzinza ibe yisendlalelo esiqinile. Ukuyihlambulula nokuyenza i-gel kuyasiza (bheka i-Specific gravity).
• Amaphunga, avela kumagciwane adla ama-gum afana ne-CMC. I-glaze enuka isengasetshenziswa uma igcobeka kahle.
• Ukuqandeka: vikela amabhakede kukho. Ncibilikisa eliqandekile ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi ulihlole ukuthi alinayo yini imifantu.

Ungabuyiseli i-glaze esetshenzisiwe ebhakedeni elikhulu, noma ucwilise amabhulashi kulo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-glaze egciniwe, yigovuze, ukale i-specific gravity yayo futhi, uyihlunge uma inezigaxa noma amakristalu.

Amalebula

Faka ilebula kuwo wonke amabhakede ngepeni elingangenwa amanzi. UZakin, ebhalela i-Ceramic Arts Network, unika igama le-glaze, iresiphi yayo ephelele kuhlanganise nokokufaka umbala, i-cone, usuku futhi, esitudiyo esabelwanayo, izinhlamvu zokuqala zegama lakho. Siphakamisa ukuthi wengeze i-specific gravity oyihlosile nanoma yimaphi ama-Epsom salts noma i-CMC. I-UT Austin iphinde isebenzise imibala: amabhakede awolintshi e-low-fire, amhlophe e-mid-fire. Phatha i-glaze engenalebula njengengase iqukethe umthofu (lead, Pb), futhi ungayisebenzisi ezimbizeni zokudla.

Ukukala

Amaphesenti nama-batch

Iresiphi inika into ngayinye yokwakha njengephesenti lesisindo esomile. Okokwakha okuyinhloko kuvame ukuhlangana kube ngu-100, nokokufaka umbala kuvame ukungezwa ngaphezulu. Ukwenza i-batch, inani olixuba ngesikhathi esisodwa, phindaphinda yonke inombolo ngobukhulu be-batch buhlukaniswe ngo-100. Ku-5000 g, i-UT Austin iphindaphinda ngo-50, ngakho into engu-4% iba ngu-200 g.

Ekhasini leresiphi, Linganisa ne-batch yenza ukuphindaphinda: faka u-500 g, ngokwesibonelo, futhi wonke amanani aba ngamagremu okukala, noma amaphawundi nama-ounce uma uwakhetha ngaphansi kwe-Izilungiselelo. Phrinta inganika uhlu lwe-batch kuphela, olunesamba esiqhubekayo sokukala ebhakedeni elilodwa nebhokisi lokumaka eceleni kwento ngayinye.

Khetha isikali senani lakho elincane kakhulu

I-resolution yesikali, isinyathelo esincane kunazo zonke esisibonisayo, inquma ukuthi ungakala kahle inani elincane kangakanani. Ekuhloleni kuka-100 g, okokufaka umbala okungu-0.5% kungu-0.5 g. Isikali esifunda kuze kufike ku-0.1 g singaphambuka ngo-0.05 g, cishe u-10% walokho; ku-0.15 g, iphutha licishe libe yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Lokho kungukubala kwethu, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi kungani okokufaka umbala kudinga isikali esicolekile.

Iseluleko siyehluka ngokuthi udinga isikali esicolekile kangakanani. UDerek Au wathola ukuthi isikali sedijithali esishibhile sika-200 g sasingalungile njalo. Uncoma isikali sika-200 g esifunda kuze kufike ku-0.01 g uma uthenga esisodwa kuphela, futhi uthi i-triple-beam balance enhle "ithembeke kakhulu kunesikali sedijithali esishibhile". Ukukhetha okuphephile, ngokubona kwethu, ngu-0.01 g wokuhlola (50 kuya ku-200 g) nokokufaka umbala, nesikali sebhentshi esifunda kuze kufike ku-0.1 g noma 1 g sama-batch ka-1 kg (cishe u-2 lb) nangaphezulu. Hlola zombili ngezikhathi ezithile nge-calibration weight.

Kala ngokulandelana, futhi umake ngayinye

1. Hlola ukuthi unokwanele kwayo yonke into yokwakha.
2. Gqoka i-respirator yakho. Hlola ukuthi isikali sihlanzekile futhi silinganile.
3. Beka isiqukathi esingenalutho esikalini bese ucindezela tare, okusetha ukufunda kube ngu-zero ukuze ukale kuphela lokho okwengezayo.
4. Kala into ngayinye ngokulandelana ngesikopi sayo esihlanzekile, vala isiqukathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokuvula esilandelayo, futhi umake into ngayinye ngokushesha nje uma isingenile.

UDerek Au ukala endishini eyodwa ngezinqwaba ezihlukene, ukuze iphutha likwazi ukukopishwa liphume. Uma ukala ebhakedeni elilodwa ngaphandle kokwenza i-tare phakathi kokokwakha, isamba esiqhubekayo se-Glazecalc sikutshela ukuthi isikali kufanele sifunde malini ngemva kwento ngayinye.

Ukuxuba nokuhlunga

Amanzi angakanani

Imithombo ayivumelani. UDerek Au uqala ngokujiyile, ngo-50 mL wamanzi ku-100 g wempuphu, bese engeza amaningi kamuva. I-Potterycrafts inika u-65 mL ku-100 g we-glaze eyodwa eyimpuphu. I-UT Austin isebenzisa izisindo ezilinganayo zamanzi nempuphu, futhi lapho i-Digitalfire ifaka u-20 kg wempuphu ku-20 kg wamanzi, yakala i-specific gravity engu-1.46.

Amanzi kuyashesha ukuwengeza futhi kuyephuza ukuwakhipha, ngakho qala ngamancane. Isilinganiso sethu: qala ngo-70 kuya ku-80 mL cishe ku-100 g (700 kuya ku-800 mL ngekhilogremu, noma cishe u-11 kuya ku-12 US fl oz ngephawundi). Yenza i-slake, uxube futhi uhlunge kulokho kujiya, bese wengeza amanzi kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho i-specific gravity ilungile. U-1 mL wamanzi unesisindo esingu-1 g, ngakho ungawakala. Uma weqisa, yekela i-glaze izinze, bese uthatha ngesipontshi noma uthele amanzi acwebile aphezulu.

Amathuluzi namanzi

• I-propeller mixer. I-Digitalfire ithi enhle "ibalulekile". I-drill enentambo ene-paddle yokuxuba iwenza umsebenzi ebhakedeni. I-UT Austin iyisebenzisa okungenani imizuzu engu-4 kuya ku-5 ngemva kokuba i-glaze ibonakala ixubekile, futhi igcina insingo kude nebhakede, engaklwebha ipulasitiki kulo.
• I-blender. "Isebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-batch amancane" (Digitalfire). Yigcinele i-glaze kuphela: akumele neze ibuyele ekhishini.
• I-whisk noma induku. Ukukhetha kukaZakin uma kungekho mixer.

Namanzi ayehluka, futhi i-Digitalfire iphawula ukuthi ashintsha indlela i-slurry eziphatha ngayo. UDerek Au usebenzisa amanzi e-reverse-osmosis ngoba amanzi akhe asempompini alukhuni. Noma yini oyisebenzisayo, yibhale phansi.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1. Gqoka i-respirator yakho, namagilavu enjoloba uma izandla zakho zizongena. UZakin ugqoka imaski kusukela ekuqaleni kokukala kuze kube yilapho i-glaze isimanzi.
2. Kala amanzi angaba ngu-70 kuya ku-80 mL ku-100 g wempuphu uwafake ebhakedeni.
3. Faka impuphu ekaliwe kancane, usendaweni ephansi. I-UT Austin ifaka impuphu emanzini afudumele; uZakin no-Au bafaka amanzi empuphini. Siphakamisa impuphu emanzini, okukhuphula uthuli oluncane kunalokho, ngaphandle kweresiphi ene-bentonite eningi: govuza izimpuphu zayo ezomile ndawonye kuqala.
4. Yenza i-slake: yekela impuphu icwile ngaphandle kokugovuza. I-Digitalfire ilinda cishe imizuzu engu-20. Izimpuphu ezine-gum noma i-binder zidinga ukuma ubusuku bonke.
5. Xuba kuze kungabi khona izingxenye ezomile noma izigaxa.
6. Yihlunge kabili (bheka ngezansi).
7. Yimboze uyiyeke iphumule ubusuku bonke, bese uyixuba futhi uhlole phansi ukuthi asikho yini isendlalelo esiqinile.
8. Kala i-specific gravity, bese wengeza amanzi kancane kancane ukuze ufinyelele kulokho okuhlosile.
9. Faka ilebula ebhakedeni, futhi ubhale phansi okwenzile.
10. Hlanza ngamanzi: hlanza phansi nge-mop futhi usule zonke izindawo, kuhlanganise nangaphandle kweziqukathi zokokwakha.

Ukuhlunga

Isihlungo yisikrini se-mesh esisefreyimini. Ukuphusha i-glaze kuso ngebhulashi kuqhekeza izigaxa ezishiywa ukuxuba futhi kubambe izinhlayiya ezingashisa zibe amachashaza. Uma inombolo ye-mesh iphezulu, isikrini sicoleka kakhulu: i-mesh 80 inezimbobo ezicishe zibe ngu-0.18 mm, ne-mesh 100 cishe u-0.15 mm.

Imithombo incoma ama-mesh ahlukene. UZakin uhlunga kabili nge-mesh 50 noma 80. UDerek Au usebenzisa i-mesh 120 kuma-glaze amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo ane-cobalt noma insimbi: ukudlula kathathu nge-mesh 80 kwasashiya amachashaza ensimbi ku-celadon eyodwa, futhi ukudlula kanye nge-mesh 120 kwakulungisa. Ugcina i-mesh 60 kuya ku-80 yama-ash glaze nalawo anokokwakha okumahhadla. I-Potterycrafts, e-UK, iphakamisa i-mesh 60 kuya ku-80. Okuphephile okujwayelekile:

I-specific gravity

I-specific gravity (SG) ikutshela ukuthi ingakanani impuphu ese-slurry yakho. Isisindo sevolumu ye-glaze sihlukaniswe ngesisindo sevolumu efanayo yamanzi. Amanzi angu-1.00, futhi i-glaze engu-i-SG 1.45 inesisindo esingu-145 g ku-100 mL. Ukuxuba kuze kube yi-SG ekaliwe kuyindlela yokuthola ukujiya okufanayo, nongqimba olufanayo, njalo. Ayinawo amayunithi, ngakho iyafana ngamagremu noma ngama-ounce.

Yikale ngokukala u-100 mL

1. Govuza i-glaze ukuze kungabi khona okuzinzile.
2. Beka i-graduated cylinder ka-100 mL (ishubhu elide lokukala elinamamaki) noma isirinji ka-100 mL esikalini, bese wenza i-tare.
3. Yigcwalise nge-glaze kuze kufike ncamashi ku-100 mL, ufunde umaki ngokuphakama kwamehlo.
4. Yikale bese uhlukanisa amagremu ngo-100: u-145 g yi-SG 1.45.

I-Digitalfire iphinde imake inkomishi ezingeni lika-500 g wamanzi, iyigcwalise nge-glaze kuze kufike kumaki, bese ihlukanisa isisindo ngo-500; isilinganiso esikhulu, esigcwele kakhulu sinembe kakhulu. I-hydrometer, into entantayo efundwa lapho ihlala khona ku-glaze, iyashesha kodwa ingafunda kabi ama-glaze ajiyile noma ayi-gel. Ama-hydrometer ase-UK, njengawe-Potclays, afunda ngama-degree e-Baumé (°Bé). Ngokubala kwethu, SG = 145 ÷ (145 − °Bé), ngakho u-46 °Bé ucishe abe ngu-1.46. Izincwadi ezindala zase-UK zinika i-pint weight, ama-ounce ku-imperial pint ye-glaze: yihlukanise ngo-20, ngakho u-29 oz ucishe abe yi-SG 1.45 (nakho kungukubala kwethu).

Okufanele ukuhlose

Imithombo ayivumelani, ikakhulukazi ngokugcoba ngebhulashi nokufafaza, lapho umhlinzeki wase-UK i-Potclays inika izinombolo eziphezulu kakhulu (ezayo ezithi "ziwukuqondisa kuphela"). Phatha yonke inombolo njengesiqalo. Iseluleko esiyinhloko se-Digitalfire siwukuthola i-SG ne-gel esebenzayo ku-glaze ngayinye, bese uyiphinda futhi uyibhale phansi.

Ukuhlola i-glaze yokucwilisa ngeso, i-AMACO icwilisa imizuzwana engu-5 bese ibheka ungqimba olucishe lujiye njengohlamvu lwemali lwase-US i-dime. I-Digitalfire ishisa ama-tile acwiliswe imizuzwana engu-5 ukuze ihlole.

Amanzi e-SG ehlosiwe: isilinganiso sethu

Ithebula elingezansi lingukubala kwethu, hhayi okomthombo. Licabanga ukuthi izinhlayiya zempuphu zine-density engu-2.6 g nge-cm³, okuwumcabango, hhayi isilinganiso esikaliwe. Ubumba, okokwakha okuncibilikayo ne-gel konke kushintsha i-glaze yangempela, ngakho lisebenzise ukuqala, bese uyakala. Njengokuhlola, libikezela u-i-SG 1.44 wezisindo ezilinganayo zempuphu namanzi, eduze no-i-SG 1.46 okalwe yi-Digitalfire. Libonisa futhi ukuthi u-70 kuya ku-80 mL ku-100 g ukuqalisa ngaphezu kuka-i-SG 1.50, kujiye kunalokho okudingayo.

Ama-Epsom salts, i-CMC gum ne-bentonite

Ama-Epsom salts enza i-glaze ibe yi-gel kancane uma imile, futhi igeleze futhi uma igovuzwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-flocculating, futhi i-glaze eziphatha ngale ndlela i-thixotropic: igcobeka ngokulinganayo, ayiconsi kakhulu futhi ayizinzi kakhulu. I-Digitalfire iphakamisa ukuqala cishe ngo-2 g nge-gallon uma i-SG isilungile (cishe u-0.5 g ngelitha, ukuguqula kwethu) nokulungisa inani njalo uma uxuba, ngoba ayikho iresiphi okufanele inqume umthamo. Siphakamisa ukuthi uwancibilikise emanzini ashisayo amancane kuqala. Esibonelweni se-Digitalfire, i-glaze engu-i-SG 1.45 yayiconsa, ngakho amanzi ayehlisa yaba ngu-i-SG 1.43 futhi ama-Epsom salts ayibuyisela ku-gel enokhilimu, futhi yagcobeka ngokulinganayo. Ukuhlola okulula: govuza, yima ubuke. I-glaze eyi-gel iqhubeka inyakaza cishe imizuzwana engu-2 noma engu-3, bese iyama ibuyele emuva kancane.

I-CMC gum (carboxymethyl cellulose) yenza i-slurry inamathele kakhulu futhi yome kancane, futhi ishiya ungqimba oluqinile olubambelela embizeni. Ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-glaze okugcoba ngebhulashi nakuma-glaze ane-frit eningi. Isibonelo se-Digitalfire sixuba u-3.75 g ku-1000 g we-slurry, futhi kufanele ingene nge-blender. I-glaze ene-CMC ngeke ibe yi-gel ngama-Epsom salts, futhi njengoba amagciwane edla i-gum, ingashintsha ebhakedeni futhi iqale ukunuka.

I-bentonite, ubumba olucoleke kakhulu, isiza ukubamba ezinye izinhlayiya zintante emanzini. Ama-glaze okucwilisa avame ukuthembela ku-15 kuya ku-25% wobumba oluluhlaza kulokhu. Kuresiphi entula ubumba, cishe u-1 kuya ku-3% we-bentonite uyasiza; i-Digitalfire ithi i-glaze enobumba obungaphezu kuka-15% akufanele idinge i-bentonite engaphezu kuka-1% wesisindo se-glaze eyomile.

Ama-test tile nama-line blend

Qala kancane

UDerek Au usebenza ngezinyathelo ezintathu: ukuhlola kuka-50 noma 100 g, isivivinyo sika-1 kuya ku-2 kg uma kusebenza, bese kuba yi-batch yesitudiyo ka-5 kuya ku-10 kg. Ngesilinganiso sethu, ukuhlola kuka-100 g ku-i-SG 1.45 kwenza cishe u-135 mL (cishe u-4½ US fl oz) we-slurry, okwanele ukucwilisa ama-tile amancane ambalwa enkomishini ewumngcingo.

Hlola ebumbeni lwakho

I-glaze ingabukeka ihluke kakhulu kobunye ubumba noma kwenye i-kiln: i-Clay Art Center yahlola i-glaze ngayinye eyayilungisiwe ezinhlotsheni ezine zobumba, ku-cone 6 naku-cone 10. Umhlahlandlela wabaqalayo we-Potclays wokuhlola i-glaze uphakamisa:

• Ama-test tile angu-6 kuya ku-10 (izingcezu ezincane zokuzama i-glaze) obumba ozolusebenzisa ngempela, uphawule ukuthi ayi-bisque noma omile ngokuphelele
• ushintsho olulodwa ngesikhathi
• ukucwilisa kanye nokucwilisa kabili, ukuze ubone i-glaze ihlambulukile futhi ijiyile
• wonke ama-tile emthwalweni ofanayo we-kiln
• umaki ku-tile ngalinye ngaphambi kokushisa, ngesitembu, ngokubaza noma nge-underglaze pencil.

Siphakamisa ama-tile ama aqonde, ngoba i-tile eyisicaba ifihla ukuthi i-glaze igeleza kangakanani, anebhande elinokuthungwa ukukhombisa ukuthi i-glaze iphuka kanjani emaphethelweni, nonyawo olungenalutho. Beka ngalinye esitsheni esincane noma kucezu lwe-bisque, noma eshalofini elifakwe i-kiln wash, ukuze libambe amaconsi. Beka i-witness cone, i-cone encane ye-ceramic egoba lapho isithole ukushisa okwanele, eduze kwama-tile ukukhombisa ukuthi athola okungakanani; umhlahlandlela we-Ukushisa ku-kiln elula uchaza ama-cone. Nika i-tile ngalinye ikhodi emfushane, uyibhale eduze kweresiphi emarekhodini akho. UWillers, ebhalela i-Ceramic Arts Network, usebenzisa izinombolo nezinhlamvu, futhi ubhala uhlelo ngokwalo ekuqaleni kwencwajana.

Ama-line blend

I-line blend ngumugqa wokuhlola ohamba ngezinyathelo ezilinganayo kusuka engxubeni eyodwa kuya kwenye: kusuka ku-glaze eyodwa kuya kwesibili, noma kusuka ku-base glaze kuya ku-glaze efanayo enokokufaka umbala okwengeziwe. UDerek Au, ngokwesibonelo, uhambisa i-iron oxide ku-base ecwebile ngezinyathelo zika-1%. Indlela yevolumu ehlotshaniswa no-Ian Currie yonga isikhathi, ngoba uxuba iziphetho ezimbili kuphela:

1. Xuba ama-glaze amabili asekugcineni, u-A no-B, njengama-batch obukhulu obufanayo, bese uwahlunga womabili.
2. Engeza amanzi kulowo onevolumu encane kuze kube yilapho womabili enevolumu emanzi efanayo ncamashi.
3. Govuza womabili, bese udonsa ingxube ngayinye ngesirinji uyifake enkomishini yayo enenombolo.
4. Govuza inkomishi ngayinye bese ucwilisa i-tile.

Esibonelweni sethu esisebenzile, u-A ngu-100 g we-base ecwebile, kanti u-B uyafana kodwa kwengezwe u-4 g we-red iron oxide (ukwengeza okungu-4%). I-milliliter ngayinye ka-B iphethe isabelo esifanayo se-base njenge-milliliter ka-A, kanye nensimbi yayo, ngakho izinkomishi zihamba kusuka kungekho nsimbi kuya ku-4% ngezinyathelo zika-1%. Isiphetho ngasinye sinika u-100 mL ku-blend, okumbozwa yi-batch ka-100 g ngesilinganiso sethu.

Indlela idinga ukubala ngokucophelela, iziphetho ezixubeke kahle ze-SG elinganayo, nesikali esinembile. UDerek Au uphinde axube ngesisindo esikhundleni sevolumu. I-triaxial blend yenza okufanayo ngeziphetho ezintathu, zibekwe kunxantathu.

Uma isinyathelo sibukeka sithembisa, Londoloza njengekhophi ekhasini leresiphi isigcina njengeresiphi yaso futhi ishiya eyokuqala injengoba yayinjalo.

Ukugcina amarekhodi

UWillers uyibeka kahle inhloso: "ulwazi olwanele ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda, noma ukugwema, imiphumela oyitholile". Bhala phansi lokho ohlela ukukuhlola ngaphambi kokuqala, nemiphumela lapho ukhipha. I-Potclays yengeza indlela yokugcoba, ugqinsi, uhlobo lobumba nokushisa okuphelele, kuhlanganise nama-ramp, ama-hold nokupholisa. I-ramp yizinga lokushisisa noma lokupholisa, njengo-60 °C (108 °F) ngehora, kanti i-hold igcina i-kiln ezingeni elilodwa lokushisa isikhathi esibekiwe. Bhala izinombolo ze-lot, amanzi owasebenzisile nanoma yikuphi ukushintshwa: ukushintshwa kwe-feldspar kwe-Clay Art Center kwasho ukulungisa cishe ingxenye yama-glaze ayo.

Ku-Glazecalc, iresiphi elondoloziwe iphethe iresiphi ngokwayo. Irekhodi lokushisa libhala ukushisa ngakunye: i-kiln, usuku, izikhathi, amazinga okushisa, ama-cone namanothi. Amanothi aphethe konke okunye, njengerekhodi le-batch elingenhla nalokho i-tile ngalinye elikubonisile.

Imithombo

• Glazy: Raw materials
• Glazy: Specific gravity
• Digitalfire: Specific gravity
• Digitalfire: Epsom salts
• Digitalfire: CMC gum
• Digitalfire: Dipping glaze
• Digitalfire: Bentonite
• Digitalfire: Water solubility
• Digitalfire: Gerstley Borate
• Digitalfire: Mahavir potash feldspar
• Digitalfire: Flint
• Clay Art Center: The end of an era, the extinction of Custer feldspar
• Berkeley Potters Studio: What the flux, November 2023
• New Mexico Clay: Gerstley Borate Original
• Ceramic Arts Network: Glaze chemistry 101, a quick course on mixing ceramic glazes (Zakin)
• Ceramic Arts Network: How to keep good records when testing ceramic glazes (Willers)
• Ceramic Arts Network: 8 ways to apply glaze (Hopper)
• Derek Au: Mixing test glazes
• Derek Au: Digital scales for weighing glazes
• Derek Au: Triaxial testing
• UT Austin ceramics wiki: How to mix glazes
• Potclays: The beginner's guide to glaze testing
• Potclays: Glaze hydrometer
• Potterycrafts: Nordic Blue Mist powder glaze
• HSE: Glaze and colour preparation (CR1)
• Valentine Clays: Flint technical data sheet
• Ceramic Arts Daily forum: Ian Currie test tiles