İznik
Shahararren glaze (İznik çinisi): tsarinsa na gargajiya ko nazari, gasarsa, da sigar da aka yi da kayan da ake sayarwa inda kuke.
Game da İznik
Glaze mai haske, mai walƙiya na tukwanen İznik na Daular Usmaniyya, wanda aka shafa a kan farin jiki na quartz da frit da kuma a kan slip da aka yi wa zane da shuɗin cobalt, turquoise, kore da jan bole mai tasowa. Nazarce-nazarcen fasassun tukwane sun yarda cewa glaze ne na darma da alkali, mai yawan silica da soda, wanda kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu zuwa rabin nauyinsa oxide na darma ne, tare da wani adadin oxide na tin. Ana nuna shi a nan a matsayin tarihi: nazarinsa, ba tsarin da za a haɗa ba.
- Sunan asali
- İznik çinisi
- Ina
- İznik (Nicaea), Lardin Bursa, Turkiyya
- Yaushe
- Zamanin Daular Usmaniyya, kusan 1480–1600
- Gasa
- 950–1050 °C; oxidation
An gasa tukwane masu farin jiki a kusan 950–1050 °C; glaze ya nuna a ƙasa da kusan 1000 °C.
Tarihi kawai: an yi wannan glaze da darma (lead, Pb). Ana nuna nazarinsa a matsayin tarihi, ba a matsayin tsarin da za a haɗa ba. Sigar da ke ƙasa wani glaze ne daban, babu darma.
Nazarin tarihi
Kashi bisa nauyi, tsakiyar iyakokin da Colomban da abokan aikinsa suka bayar (SiO2 45–47, Na2O 8–14, K2O da CaO kusan 1, PbO 25–30, SnO2 4–7). Okyar ya sami 30–40% oxide na darma da 2–12% oxide na tin, galibi a narke, da kuma rukuni ɗaya mai kusan 50% oxide na darma ba tare da tin ba.
| Oxide | % na nauyi |
|---|---|
| SiO₂ | 46 |
| Na₂O | 11 |
| K₂O | 1 |
| CaO | 1 |
| PbO | 27.5 |
| SnO₂ | 5.5 |
Sigar da babu darma
Wani glaze daban, babu darma, a salon İznik: nazarin da ke sama, inda aka ba da rabon darma a cikin flux ga soda, lime da boron, don cone 04–02 (kusan 1060–1120 °C) a oxidation, a kan farin jiki ko slip mai yawan quartz, tare da 6% oxide na tin. Lissafi ne, ba kwafin tsohon glaze ba, kuma ba za a iya samun jan bole ɗin daidai ba.
An lissafa, ba a gasa shi don gwaji ba tukuna. Gasa test tile kafin ku shafa shi a kan kowace tukunya ko kwano, kuma ku gwada wurin da abinci ke taɓawa don zubar ƙarfe (leaching).
Gwada shi
Aminci
Glaze na tarihi yana ɗauke da 25–50% oxide na darma. Glazecalc yana nuna nazarinsa a matsayin tarihi kawai, kuma ba ya bayar da wani kayan darma ko tsari a gare shi. Glaze na darma na iya sakin darma cikin abinci da abin sha, kuma ɗanyun mahaɗan darma guba ne idan an riƙe su, an shaƙa su ko an gasa su.
Majiyoyi
- Colomban Ph. et al., "On site Raman analysis of Iznik pottery glazes and pigments", Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (preprint arXiv:cond-mat/0612375, 2006), section 3.6.Buɗe(an karanta 2026-11-04)
- Okyar F., İznik keramiklerinin karakterizasyonu (The characterisation of İznik ceramics), PhD thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1995 (advisor E. Geçkinli); thesis record and abstract.Buɗe(an karanta 2026-11-04)
- Tulun T., Döner G., Çalışır F., Çini N., Karatepe N., Meriçboyu A., Tekin A., Altun A., Arlı B., Arlı H., "An archaeometric study on ancient Iznik ceramics", Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 4(2), 2002, pp. 34–40.Buɗe(an karanta 2026-11-04)