İznik
Glaze caan ah (İznik çinisi): habkiisa dhaqameed ama falanqayn, gubiddiisa, iyo nooc laga sameeyey walxaha laga iibiyo meesha aad joogto.
Ku saabsan İznik
Glaze-ka saafiga ah ee dhalaalaya ee weelasha İznik ee Cusmaaniyiinta, oo la mariyey jidh cad oo ka samaysan quartz iyo frit iyo slip lagu sawiray buluug cobalt ah, turquoise, cagaar iyo casaan bole ah oo kor u soo baxsan. Falanqaynta jajabka weelasha waxay isku raacsan yihiin inuu ahaa glaze rasaas iyo alkali ah, oo silica iyo soda ku badan yihiin, kaas oo rubuc ilaa badh miisaankiisa ahaa oxide rasaas, iyo xoogaa oxide tin ah. Halkan waxaa loo muujiyey taariikh ahaan: falanqayntiisa, ma aha hab la isku daro.
- Magaca asalka ah
- İznik çinisi
- Halkee
- İznik (Nicaea), Gobolka Bursa, Turkiga
- Goorma
- Xilligii Cusmaaniyiinta, qiyaastii 1480–1600
- Gubid
- 950–1050 °C; oxidation
Weelasha jidhka cad leh waxaa lagu gubi jiray qiyaastii 950–1050 °C; glaze-ku wuxuu ku bislaan jiray wax ka hooseeya qiyaastii 1000 °C.
Taariikh keliya: glaze-kan waxaa lagu sameeyey rasaas (lead, Pb). Falanqayntiisa waxaa loo muujiyey taariikh ahaan, ma aha hab la isku daro. Nooca hoose waa glaze kale, aan rasaas lahayn.
Falanqayn taariikhi ah
Boqolley miisaan ah, bartamaha xadadka ay bixiyaan Colomban iyo asxaabtiisu (SiO2 45–47, Na2O 8–14, K2O iyo CaO qiyaastii 1, PbO 25–30, SnO2 4–7). Okyar wuxuu helay 30–40% oxide rasaas iyo 2–12% oxide tin, inta badan milan, iyo koox keliya oo leh qiyaastii 50% oxide rasaas oo aan tin lahayn.
| Oksaydh | % miisaan |
|---|---|
| SiO₂ | 46 |
| Na₂O | 11 |
| K₂O | 1 |
| CaO | 1 |
| PbO | 27.5 |
| SnO₂ | 5.5 |
Nooca aan rasaas lahayn
Glaze kale oo ka duwan, aan rasaas lahayn, qaabka İznik: falanqaynta kore, iyadoo saamiga rasaasta ee flux-yada loo wareejiyey soda, lime iyo boron, loogu talagalay cone 04–02 (qiyaastii 1060–1120 °C) oxidation ahaan, korka jidh cad ama slip quartz ku badan yahay, oo leh 6% oxide tin. Waa xisaab, ma aha nuqul glaze-kii hore, casaanka bole-na lama gaari karo.
Waa la xisaabiyey, weli tijaabo ahaan looma gubin. Gub test tile ka hor intaadan u isticmaalin weel kasta, oo tijaabi dusha cuntadu taabato in biraha ka soo baxaan (leaching).
Isku day
Badbaado
Glaze-ka taariikhiga ahi wuxuu ka kooban yahay 25–50% oxide rasaas. Glazecalc wuxuu falanqayntiisa u muujiyaa taariikh ahaan oo keliya, mana bixiyo wax walax rasaas ah ama hab loogu talagalay. Glaze-yada rasaasta waxay rasaas u sii deyn karaan cuntada iyo cabitaanka, isku-dhisyada rasaasta ee ceeriin-na waa sun marka la qabto, la neefsado ama la gubo.
Ilaha
- Colomban Ph. et al., "On site Raman analysis of Iznik pottery glazes and pigments", Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (preprint arXiv:cond-mat/0612375, 2006), section 3.6.Fur(la akhriyey 2026-11-04)
- Okyar F., İznik keramiklerinin karakterizasyonu (The characterisation of İznik ceramics), PhD thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1995 (advisor E. Geçkinli); thesis record and abstract.Fur(la akhriyey 2026-11-04)
- Tulun T., Döner G., Çalışır F., Çini N., Karatepe N., Meriçboyu A., Tekin A., Altun A., Arlı B., Arlı H., "An archaeometric study on ancient Iznik ceramics", Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 4(2), 2002, pp. 34–40.Fur(la akhriyey 2026-11-04)