İznik

Banyere İznik

Glaze doro anya, na-egbuke egbuke nke ite İznik oge Ottoman, e tere n'elu ahụ ọcha nke quartz na frit na n'elu slip e ji acha anụnụ cobalt, turquoise, akwụkwọ ndụ na ọbara ọbara bole dị elu see ihe. Nyocha nke iberibe ite kwekọrọ na ọ bụ glaze lead na alkali, nwere ọtụtụ silica na soda, nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ ruo ọkara ịdị arọ ya bụ lead oxide, ya na ụfọdụ tin oxide. E gosiri ya ebe a dịka akụkọ ihe mere eme: nyocha ya, ọ bụghị usoro a ga-agwakọta.

Aha obodo

İznik çinisi

Ebee

İznik (Nicaea), Mpaghara Bursa, Turkey

Mgbe ole

Oge Ottoman, ihe dị ka 1480–1600

Ịgba ọkụ

950–1050 °C; oxidation
A gbara ite ndị nwere ahụ ọcha ọkụ ihe dị ka 950–1050 °C; glaze ahụ chara n'okpuru ihe dị ka 1000 °C.

Nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme

Pasent n'ịdị arọ, etiti oke Colomban na ndị otu ya nyere (SiO2 45–47, Na2O 8–14, K2O na CaO ihe dị ka 1, PbO 25–30, SnO2 4–7). Okyar chọtara 30–40% lead oxide na 2–12% tin oxide, nke ka ukwuu gbazere agbaze, na otu ìgwè nwere ihe dị ka 50% lead oxide na-enweghị tin.

Ụdị na-enweghị lead

Glaze ọzọ dị iche, na-enweghị lead, n'ụdị İznik: nyocha dị n'elu, ebe e nyefere òkè lead n'ime flux ndị ahụ soda, lime na boron, maka cone 04–02 (ihe dị ka 1060–1120 °C) na oxidation, n'elu ahụ ọcha ma ọ bụ slip nwere ọtụtụ quartz, ya na 6% tin oxide. Ọ bụ ngụkọ, ọ bụghị oyiri glaze ochie ahụ, a pụghịkwa ime ka ọbara ọbara bole ahụ dị otu.

Agụkọtala ya, a gbabeghị ya ọkụ maka nnwale. Gbaa test tile ọkụ tupu ị jiri ya mee ihe n'ite ọ bụla, ma nwalee elu ebe nri na-emetụ maka ịhapụ metal (leaching).

Nwalee ya

Mepee ụdị na-enweghị leadGlaze niile a ma ama

Mepụta akaụntụ n'efu

Nchekwa

Glaze akụkọ ihe mere eme a nwere 25–50% lead oxide. Glazecalc na-egosi nyocha ya naanị dịka akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ dịghịkwa enye ihe lead ọ bụla ma ọ bụ usoro ọ bụla maka ya. Glaze lead nwere ike ịhapụ lead n'ime nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ, na ngwakọta lead nke a na-agbazibeghị ka frit (raw) bụ nsi mgbe e jidere ha, kuo ha ume ma ọ bụ gbaa ha ọkụ.

• Ịgwakọta n'enweghị ihe ize ndụ na ikuku dị ọcha
• Ịgba ọkụ na kiln dị mfe
• Otu esi eme glaze

Isi mmalite

1. Colomban Ph. et al., "On site Raman analysis of Iznik pottery glazes and pigments", Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (preprint arXiv:cond-mat/0612375, 2006), section 3.6.Mepee(a gụrụ ya 2026-11-04)
2. Okyar F., İznik keramiklerinin karakterizasyonu (The characterisation of İznik ceramics), PhD thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1995 (advisor E. Geçkinli); thesis record and abstract.Mepee(a gụrụ ya 2026-11-04)
3. Tulun T., Döner G., Çalışır F., Çini N., Karatepe N., Meriçboyu A., Tekin A., Altun A., Arlı B., Arlı H., "An archaeometric study on ancient Iznik ceramics", Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 4(2), 2002, pp. 34–40.Mepee(a gụrụ ya 2026-11-04)